An LED module is a self-contained device that houses multiple LED bulbs connected to a fixture or a battery for power.

Luminance is the amount of light that is emitted, transmitted through, or reflected from a surface. It is a measure of the brightness or intensity of light and is typically expressed in candela per square meter (cd/m²) or nits.

In lighting, frequency is the rate at which a light wave oscillates or cycles per second. It is a fundamental characteristic used to describe different types of light within the electromagnetic spectrum.

Supplementary lighting is the practice of using additional artificial light sources in conjunction with natural light to enhance or supplement existing lighting conditions.

Lamp lumen depreciation (LLD) is the gradual decrease in the amount of light emitted by a lamp over its lifespan which describes the reduction in lumen output over time.

Rapid Start (RS) is a type of ballast commonly used in fluorescent lighting systems designed to apply a low filament voltage to preheat the cathodes within the lamp.

Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) refers to the disturbance caused by the flow of current through conductors and electronic components, resulting in the generation of a magnetic field that radiates from the source.

General lighting, also known as ambient lighting, is a fundamental concept in the lighting industry that refers to the overall illumination of a space.

Retrofit is the process of upgrading or replacing existing lighting systems with more efficient and modern products, making improvements to the lighting infrastructure without completely overhauling the entire system.

Directional lighting is the intentional placement and direction of light in relation to the subject being illuminated, which involves focusing or directing the light in a specific direction to achieve desired lighting effects.